A study of clinico- laboratory profile of the patients with type II diabetes at rural tertiary health care center

 

Mithun Somaiah C S

 

Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, No. 67, BGS health and Education city Uttarahalli road, Kengeri, Bengaluru, Karnataka- 560060, INDIA.

Email: drmithun.somaiah4899@gmail.com

 

Abstract              Background: The relationship between alteration of serum lipids and vascular complications is more significant in diabetics than in non diabetics amongst the general population. Lipid abnormalities will lead to microvascular and macrovascular diseases in diabetic patients. Aims and Objectives: To Study Clinico- Laboratory profile of the patients with Type II diabetes at Rural tertiary health care center. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in patients who were admitted to Sri Adichunchanagiri hospital and research center, B.G. Nagara, Mandya attached to Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Mandya. From the patients admitted, 50 cases with H/O Type 2 diabetes mellitus were taken as subjects for the study. Age and sex matched 50 Non-diabetic were taken as controls. Biochemical analysis was done for Fasting and post prandial blood sugar, Fasting sample for Serum Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, VLDLc, The lipid and lipoprotein assay was done using Dr. Lange LP 700 equipment. Statistical Analysis was done by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) continuous scale between two groups Inter group analysis) on metric parameters.. Chi-square/ Fisher Exact test has been used to find the significance of study parameters on categorical scale between two or more groups. Results: Most of the diabetics were in the age group of 60-70. The mean ± SD among the diabetics was 63.48 ± 9.79 and among the control population it was 52.06 ± 7.37. There were 34 males and 16 females among the diabetic population and 33 males and 17 females among the control group. The mean FBS was significantly higher in cases than control i.e. 177.30±41.14 and 94.04±15.15 (<0.001**), The PPBS mg/dl was 310.50±55.78, 139.78±12.78 (<0.001**). Triglycerides and VLDL were significantly raised to the tune of 98% among the diabetics compared to the non diabetics. Total cholesterol was also raised among diabetics compared to the non diabetics. HDL levels were reduced among the diabetics compared to the non diabetics. Triglycerides was 223.54 ± 46.98 among the diabetics compared to 152.26 ± 27.81 among the non-diabetics. VLDL was 45.18 ± 9.72 among the diabetics compared to 30.34 ± 5.59 among non-diabetics. HDL was reduced to 36.24 ± 4.96 among diabetics compared to 41.54 ± 3.46 among non-diabetics. Conclusion: This study laid emphasis on the fact that diabetes mellitus influences lipid metabolism in a significant way. This was evident by the fact that certain lipid fractions such as triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins were elevated and HDL was depressed in diabetics when compared to healthy controls. So hyperlipidemia is quite common in diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia is the most common abnormality.

Key Word: Type II diabetes, Lipid profile, Dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, Hyperglycemia.