Abstract              Background: Prevalence of acute renal failure (ARF) in malaria has been reported as 0.57% to 60 % all over the world. An upsurge in the incidence of ARF in malaria also has been reported in India and varies form 13% to 17.8%. Objective: To study the frequency, clinical profile and in hospital outcome of ARF in malaria. Materials and Methods: In this hospital based observational study 119 cases of fever who were positive for malarial antigen on Histidine rich protein (HRP) and or who has peripheral smear positive foe malarial parasite were enrolled. Cases were categories as having ARF according to RIFLE criteria and were observed for clinical profile, complications, and in hospital outcome. Results: Out of 119 cases of malaria studied 40 cases (33.61%) had ARF. Males outnumbered females (Male to Female ration 2:1). Anemia was the most common complication present in 22 cases (55%).Complications like Anemia, jaundice, cerebral malaria, hypotension, algid malaria, ARDS, black water fever, hypoglycemia, and DIC were significantly high in falciparum malaria than vivax malaria (p<0.05). Mortality in malaria with ARF was found to be significantly more (11.00% vs.1.27%) (p <0.001). Conclusion: Malaria being treatable cause of ARF, early detection and prompt treatment can prevent the mortality and morbidity.

Key Words: Acute Renal failure, Malaria, RIFLE criteria.