Clinical profile and associated risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary hospital

 

J Satyanarayan Rao

 

 

Abstract              Background: Gestational diabetes is a condition that attracts notice and concern among physicians and gynaecologists alike. It leads to various complications like still birth, preeclampsia still birth, preeclampsia pregnancy induced hypertension, abortion, and difficult labour,(10-16). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been observed to be associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is becoming a public health concern globally as well as in India with fast increasing trend. It affects approximately 14% of all pregnancies. Objective: To study the maternal risk factors for developing GDM in women based on personal and family histories. Material and Methods: A hospital based case control study was conducted in Kamineni Hospital, LB Nagar, Hyderabad with a sample size of 200(100 cases and 100 controls) during 2018. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus as diagnosed by abnormal oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were taken as cases and pregnant women who have completed 24 weeks of gestation and who tested negative on Glucose Challenge test (GCT) were selected as controls. Results: 1.Progressing age is a predisposing factor for development of GDM, as in age group above 30 years 26% in cases had GDM and only 12% in control group were having GDM. In age group above 30 years only 25% had GDM when compared to age group <25 years compared to controls 2.GDM affects upper(35%) and middle class(22% )more compared to women from low socioeconomic status (12%) 3.High BMI between 25 - 30 is consistently associated with higher incidence of GDM Conclusion: Modifiable risk factor like BMI deserve attention for prevention of GDM and associated factors like progressing age, parity, family history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension are area of concern for treating doctors.

Key Words: gestational diabetes mellitus.