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Table of Content Volume 13 Issue 1 - January 2020

 



Spectrum of thoracic vertebral synostosis with its clinical implications and embryological significance

 

Meera Jacob1, Bindhu Nair2*, Ramakrishna Avadhani3

 

1Assistant Professor, 2Associate Professor, 3Professor & HOD, Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore Karnataka.

Email: meera_jacob83@yahoo.co.in , rkavadhani@rediffmail.com , nairbindhu@yahoo.com

 

REFERENCES

  1. Susan Standring (2008). Gray’s Anatomy; The anatomical basis of clinical practice, 40thedi (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 763-770.
  2. Seaver LH, Boyd E (2000).Spondylocarpotarsalsynostosis syndrome and cervical instability. PubMed Am J Med Genet. 91(5): 340-4.
  3. Masnicova S, BenusR (2003). Developmental anomalies in skeletal remains from the Great Moravia and Middle Ages cemeteries at Devin. International journal of osteoarchaeology. 13:266-74.
  4. Erdil H, Yildiz N, CimenM (2003). Congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae and its clinical significance. Journal of Anatomical Society of India .52(2):125-7.
  5. VeenaVidya Shankar and Roopa R Kulkarni (2011). Block vertebra; Fusion of axis with the third cervicalvertebra – a case report. International Journal of Anatomical Variation .4:115-18.
  6. Al Kaissi A, Ghachem MB, Nassib N, Ben Chechida F, Kozlowski K (2005). Spondylocarpotarsalsynostosissyndrome(with a posterior midline unsegmented bar).Pub Med Skeletal Radiology. 34(6):364-6.
  7. Soni P, Sharma V, SenguptaJ (2008).Cervicalvertebral anomalies- incidental findings onlateralcephalograms. The Angle Orthodontist. 78(1): 176-180
  8. RuiterCD(2010). Congenital Vertebral defects.Embryo Project Encyclopaedia .ISSN: 1940-5030
  9. Murray Brookes, Anthony Zietman(1998). Clinical Embryology; USA.Library of Congress. p. 293.
  10.  Kulkarni Vasudha, Ramesh BR (2012). A spectrum of Vertebral Synostosis. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences.2 (2):71-7.
  11. SatishBhargava(2005). Radiological Differential Diagnosis. 1stEd. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers. p. 528.
  12. Batra Sameer, Ahuja Sashin(2008). Congenital Scoliosis: Management and future directions. ActaorthopedicaBelgica .74:147-60.
  13. Raymond A Clarke, Sardool Singh, Helen McKenzie, John H Kearsley and Moh – Ying Yip (1995).Familial Klippel – Feil syndrome and Paracentric inversion inv (8) (q 22.2q 23.3). American Journal ofHuman Genetics .57 1364-70
  14. Soni P, Sharma V, SenguptaJ(2008).Cervicalvertebral anomalies- incidental findings on lateralcephalograms. The Angle Orthodontist. 78(1): 176-80
  15. Thomas D, Kulkarni BG(2013). A case of fusion ofthoracic vertebra. Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine. 1(5): 23-26.
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