Correlative study of diameter of carotid canals with cranial index in Gujarat population

Abstract               Background- 42 Male and 28 female non- pathological dried crania were studied to correlate the CI of both male and female crania with diameters of both right and left carotid canals. It will help to predict or explore the carotid canals by knowing the CI of crania and vice versa. Method- Cranial Index was measured by winged caliper. Carotid canals by digital venire caliper. The obtained results were correlated with coefficient regression equations Results-The correlation between CI and diameter of Rt CC 0.06 and P value 0.712 CI and diameter of Lt CC correlative value (r value) .0.15 P value 0.352. In female crania correlation between CI and Diameter of Rt CC was -0.13 and P value was 0.513, correlation between CI and Diameter of CC was-0.30 and P value was 0.129. The regression analysis of CI as dependent variable and Rt CC and Lt CC as predictors–constant regression coefficient was 72.9 (SE 2.0) t=35.2 and (P<0.01) highly significant, Diameter of Rt CC had regression coefficient was- 1.26 (SE 2.4) t= 0.507, P=0.61. Diameter of left CC regression coffe-2.14 (SE-2.4) t= 0.89 P=0.37, Male compared to female regression coefficient was-4.47(SE-0.911) t= 4.90 (P<0.01) Conclusion- This correlative coefficient and regression equation of CI with Rt. and Lt. CC will be quite helpful to Neurosurgeon, Neuron physician, anatomist, anthro pologist, medico-legal expert

Key Word: CI= cranial Index, CC= carotid canal, correlative coefficient, Regression, winged caliper, vernier caliper

INTRODUCTION

The carotid canal or canals caroticus (CC) is a large, almost circular foramen, through the petrous-part of temporal bone. It transmits internal carotid Artery (ICA) with venous plexus and some autonomic nerves, CC found postero-lateral to the foramen lacerum and lateral to the Jugular foramen^1,2. The opening of CC is found in front foramen lacerum and ICA enters the cranial cavity intracranially. The ICA separated from CC walls by the peri-vascular tissues and venous plexus³. Basilar cranial fracture has been associated with injury to ICA and vascular complications are more frequently observed when there was involvement of CC. Fracture through petrous segment also involves the carotid canal is associated with a relatively high incidence of carotid injury and patients suffer more severe head injury followed by haemorrage⁴. To know the degree of fracture and extent of involvement of ICA it is mandatory to know the diameter of CC on both sides. It was very difficult to visualize radiologically due to severe bleeding. Hence attempt was made to study the diameters of both and right and left CC and correlated with CI of the same crania so-that by knowing the CI of the patients Neuro-physician or surgeon can predict the diameter of CC Moreover By knowing the diameter CC one can explore the CI of the individual which has great importance in medico- legal practice.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

42 male and 28 female, crania available in the anatomy and forensic department of Government medical college Bhavnagar- 364001 Gujarat were studied.

 Inclusive criteria- Non- pathological, dried crania, after confirmation of gender differences, adult crania were selected.

Exclusion criteria – Broken, Pathological, crania were excluded from the study.

Method- Each crania was put in a anatomical position. Cranial Index was measured from Nasion to Inion and one supramastoid crest to another supra- mastoid crest and divided by 100.

CI=   Maximum breadth of crania _X100

         Maximum length crania

The diameters of carotid canal were measured by digital venire caliper. The obtained results were correlated. The duration of study was April 2005 to October 2019

Statistical analysis- The obtained results were correlated coefficiently and regression values were also noted. The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 2007 software.

OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

In male crania mean value of CI was 65.16 (SD±5.70) and females CI was 68.9(SD±4.20) and (P<0.01) P value was significant.

Table 1: Mean value all parameters

The mean value of Rt CC in Male crania was 0.9.1 (SD±0.1) and P value was highly significant (P<0.01) The mean value of Lt CC female crania was 0.60(SD±0.1) and female was 0.40 (SD±1) and P value was significant (P<0.01)

Table 2: Pearson Correlation coefficient between cranial Index and Diameter of carotid canals

Correlation coefficient between Index and dimensions of right and left carotid canals. In male crania – correlation between CI and right diameter of right carotid canal (Rt CC) was 0.06 and P value was 0.71, CI with diameter with left carotid canal was (it CC) was 0.15 and P value was 0.35.            In female crania- correlation coefficient between CI with Rt CC was -0.13 and P value was 0.51 CI with Lt CC was 0.30 and ‘t’ value was 0.12 and P value was highly significant (P<0.01)

Table 3: Regression Analysis of Cranial index as depended variable and other predictors

Note* significant at 5% level of significance (P<0.05) Adjusted R Square 0.829