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                  Retraction Policy
         
          Journal Editors should consider  retracting a publication if:
           They       have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result       of major error (eg, miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result       of fabrication (eg, of data) or falsification (eg, image manipulation)It       constitutes plagiarismThe       findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper       attribution to previous sources or disclosure to the editor, permission to       republish, or justification (ie, cases of redundant publication)It       contains material or data without authorisation for useCopyright       has been infringed or there is some other serious legal issue (eg, libel,       privacy)It       reports unethical researchIt       has been published solely on the basis of a compromised or manipulated       peer review processThe       author(s) failed to disclose a major competing interest (a.k.a. conflict       of interest) that, in the view of the editor, would have unduly affected       interpretations of the work or recommendations by editors and peer       reviewers. Notices of retraction should:
           Be       linked to the retracted article wherever possible (ie, in all online       versions)Clearly       identify the retracted article (eg, by including the title and authors in       the retraction heading or citing the retracted article)Be       clearly identified as a retraction (ie, distinct from other types of       correction or comment)Be       published promptly to minimise harmful effectsBe       freely available to all readers (ie, not behind access barriers or       available only to subscribers)State       who is retracting the articleState       the reason(s) for retractionBe       objective, factual and avoid inflammatory language Retractions are not usually  appropriate if:
           The  above is an extract from the COPE Retraction guidelines (PDF).The       authorship is disputed but there is no reason to doubt the validity of the       findingsThe       main findings of the work are still reliable and correction could       sufficiently address errors or concernsAn       editor has inconclusive evidence to support retraction, or is awaiting       additional information such as from an institutional investigation Author       conflicts of interest have been reported to the journal after publication,       but in the editor’s view these are not likely to have influenced       interpretations or recommendations or the conclusions of the article.   | 
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