A Study of Socioeconomic factors related to FP methods in reproductive age group (15-49) women in Chittur-Tattamangalam Municipality

 

 

Abstract               Background: The population explosion is India‘s major problem since independence. Adoption of FP methods is the best solution to tackle it. Objective: to determine the extent use of FP methods in reproductive age (15-49) women in Chittur-Tattamangalam municipality (Kerala). Methodology: A descriptive /cross sectional study has been conducted in reproductive age group in randomly 1200 house hold adopting 30 cluster sample technique during Feb to May 2018 in above said municipality area, after getting prior concern from the respondents. The data was analysed statistically. Results: In this study population 5172 (16% of census)– the eligible couple 1144, protected couples 436 with the age at marriage (21-25) =54%, age at first child (21-25) =59.7%, couple protection in (21-35) age group =85% and (26-30) age group =43.5%. FP coverage: oral pills 6.9%, IUD 7.2%, male condom 9.7% and female sterilization 36.3%. Some socioeconomic factors – education, income, vehicle, children study, servant maid, own house and comfort (ac/washing machine, microwave and land) shows statistically association with FP methods.  

Key Word: FP methods – reproductive age group- municipal area (Kerala)

 

INTRODUCTION

Introduction and Rational: India has launched FP programme in 1952. The current demographic scenario in India (census2011) – population 1.21 billion, crude birth rate 21.6, total fertility rate 2.4. As per NFHS (2015-2016), Condom 5.9%, pills 4.2%, IUD 1.9%, female sterilization 34%. In Kerala, high population density of the state is one, polices in FP programme, education, health care and land reforms contributed in the state’s fertility rate to 1.6., condom 7.9%, pills 0.7%, IUD 4.6%, female sterilization 52.2% The FP programme achievement in Chittur-Tattamangalam municipality for the year 2015, 2016, & 2017 as follows:

 

Table 1: Socioeconomic characteristic in study population

Table 2: Socio-economic status in study population

 

Table 3: User of FP methods in study population

Total 721 63.02 Total E C =1144 -user 721= 63%.  Non-user = 37

Table 4: Distribution of Eligible couples / Protected couples (parity wise)

 

Table 5: Spacing of duration of Pregnancy / child births

N = Number of child =1^st 1073, 2^nd=758, 3^rd =168, 4^th = 25 M = months

 

Table 6: Distribution of Couples of Age at marriage / Age at 1^st Child in study population

Table 7: Association of socioeconomic factors between FP methods

DISCUSSION

The religious population of this study area (H 86%, M 12%, Ch 2%) is similar to the total (2011 census) population of this area (H 83%, M14%, Ch 2.5%). In regard to education, both male (99.25%) and female (99.1%) are higher when compare to India (male 85.7%, female 68.4%-- NFHS 2015-16).When compare to this area’s acceptance of contraception and female sterilizationto the T. Koringa’s study in Gujarat, both are almost similar (63%, 65% of acceptance and 38.1%, 35.8% of female sterilization) in respectively. But in Bhandari et al study (Dhulikhel municipality) shows less education status (male 95.4%, female 89.5%) and higher contraceptive user (81.3%) when compare to this study. His sample size was only 369 couples. This study areacouples are 1144. At the same time (NFHS 2015-16), less education status (male85.7%, female 68.4%) and higher FP achievements   (F. sterilization 47.8%, IUD 1.5%, pills 4.5%, M. condom 5.6%) were in India. Dr .Vijay et al conducted a study in rural Patna area, the study shows 70.87% of respondents were using permanent method and 29.13% were using temporary methods. This study shows better education status and FP user 63% and achievements.    (Female sterilization 38.11, IUD 7.5%, pills 7.25%, M. condom 10.13 %.) Couple protection 63%. Rema V Nair et al, study has shown that a significant association between number of children and contraception usage. Women aware of sterilization, 33.7 %, 41.7 %, 2.4 %, 22.6 % had parity of 1, 2, 3 or more and none respectively. But in study area, female sterilization has seen in parity wise as with 1^st child 30 %, 2^nd 53 %, 3^rd 13 % and 4^th 4 %.

 

CONCLUSION

This study area has shown the similar proportion of religious population and family size (4), when compare to the 2011 census population of this municipality. The FP methods user 63 % and the coverage is (oral pills 7.25 %, IUD 7.5 %, male condom 10.13 % and female sterilization 38.11% ) almost similar to the states performance. The extent and type of FP methods shows association between socioeconomic factors like education, income, occupation, properties (land and vehicle) and household items. Age at marriage: 34 % couples married at 15-20 age group and 54 %. Age at 1^st child: couples 14.2 % (15-20), 59.7 % (21-25), 22.4 % (26-30) = 96.3 % of couples have their 1^stchild below age 30. The average spacing duration (in months) for 1^st child =22, 2^nd child =27, 3^rd child =28 and 4^th child 29. Overall average spacing duration = 26.5.Couples protection (paritywise): Sterilization with 1^st child (147) 30 %, 2^nd child (259) 52.7 %, 3^rd child (66) 13.4 % & 4^th child (19) 3.9 %.

Recommendation: Strengthen: Administration / Supervision / Training activities: The study area, previous year records (2015, 2016, 2017) of FP methods not showing satisfaction. The municipal area covers 29 wards. (ChitturTattamangalam) area14.71 sq.km.  Anganwadi worker 24, ASHA 21 and only 2 Health worker. Population 32480. Area is scatter. 2 HWs not adequate, at least 2 more HWs post should be created. Training to the staffs should be given. Periodical review meeting /weekly/ monthly should be taken Commissioner / Health officer. At least monthly review should be taken by DHO.

Action: Municipal Commissioner / District Health Officer. 

 

REFERENCES