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Table of Content - Volume 14 Issue 3 - June 2020

 

A clinical study of 150 cases of head neck cancer patients to identified the incidence of different site of head neck malignancy

 

Jitendra Nagar1*, Ashok Kumar Nagar2

 

{1Senior Resident, Department of ENT} {2District Cancer Nodal Officer, Department of Oncology} Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, INDIA.

Email: drjitunagar@gmail.com

 

Abstract               Background: Now a days incidence of head and neck malignancy is very common in India due to excessive use of tobacco, betal nut, paan, supari, chewing. excessive use of alcohal. most of head neck malignancy include malignancy buccal muccosa/tongue, alveolus, floor of mouth, palate, tonsils, valleculla, larynx, laryngophayranx, nasal cavity ,paranasal sinus, gums, nasopharynx, salivary gland. squmous cell cancer is the common malignancy. in our study we recorded 150 cases of head neck malignancy out of 615 total malignancy. tobacco snuffing also big cause of nasal cavity and pns malignancy. Aims and Objectives: To see the incidence of head and neck malignancy in whole body malignancy. To see the incidence of different site of malignancy in head and neck region. Material and Methods. All the cases are presented in our OPD department. and primary diagnosed by presenting symptoms like nonhealing ulcer, throat pain, dysphagia, swelling, change in voice, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, after symptomatic diagnosis we performed biopsy for histopathological examination and supportive investigation are FNAC, CECT, MRI, pet scan and identified the accurate stage of disease and plan.

Key Word: head neck malignancy.

 

INTRODUCTION

Cancers of head and neck, usually begin in the squamous cells that line the moist, mucosal surfaces of head and neck (for example, inside the mouth, the nose, and the throat). These squamous cell cancers are often referred to as squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Head and neck cancers can also begin in the salivary glands, but salivary gland cancers are relatively uncommon. Salivary glands contain many different types of cells that can become cancerous, so there are many different types of salivary gland cancer.

 

MATERIAL AND METHOD

The present study was done on patients who visited the out patients department of otorhinolaryngology and oncology of SRG hospital Jhalawar. The study was carried out of 200 patients of head and neck cancer of different age and sex group. Patient identified in OPD by typical medical history. clinical examination. naked eye appearance of the lesion. if any confusion than took tissue [by punch biopsy, d/l biopsy, endoscopic biopsy] for histopathologigal examination. sometime FNAC also helpful, [neck swelling, salivary gland swelling, thyroid swelling, if the biopsy is positive we identified the staging and planed for treatment.

The method of study was carried our under the following headings

History taking, Clinical examination, Biopsy [punch,d/l,endoscopic], Staging system, Investigation, Operative procedure[if operable], Postoperative care, Chemoradiation, Follow up.

 

 

OBSERVATION

 

Table 1: To see the incidence of head neck malignancy in whole body malignancy.

Total case[registered]

No.of head neck cancer

Percentage[%]

615

150

24.39

 

Table 2: To see the Age wise distribution of head neck malignancy

AGE[Years]

NO OF PATIENTS

PERCENTAGE[%]

0-20

0

0%

21-40

44

29.34%

41-60

65

43.33%

61-80

37

24.66%

>81

4

2.6%

Total

150

100%

 

Table 3: To see the sex wise distribution of head neck malignancy

SEX

NO OF PATIENTS

PERCENTAGE[%]

MALE

126

84%

FEMALE

24

16%

TOTAL

150

100%

 

Table 4: To see the site wise distribution of head and neck malignancy

SITE

NO OF PATIENTS

PERCENTAGE[%]

Buccal Mucosa

57

38%

Tongue

43

28.6%

Lip[lower]

3

2%

Alveolus[mandible]

3

2%

Floor of Mouth

2

1.33%

Retromolar trigone

2

1.33%

CA Tonsils

4

2.6%

CA Neck,cervical LN.

5

3.33%

CA Thyroid

4

2.6%

CA Hard palate

2

1.33%

CA Soft palate

3

2%

CA Larynx,laryngopharynx

12

8%

CA Valleculla

2

1.33%

CA parotid gland

2

1.33%

CA submandibular gland

1

0.6%

CA Maxilla

2

1.33%

CA Nasopharynx

1

0.6%

BCC

1

0.6%

Nasal cavity

1

0.6%

 

DISCUSSION

The present study was conducted on 150 cases of head and neck malignancy in department of Ent Jhalawar Medical college Jhalawar. The 1st table shows the total incidence of head and neck malignancy were 24.39% in whole malignancy. In table 2nd shows that the maximum incidence of head neck malignancy were in the age group 41-60 year [43.33%] followed by 21-40[29.34%] than 61 -80year [24.66%], and only 2.6% case are reported above 80 year of age. minimum age reported 22 year male suffering from CA buccal mucosa. maximum age group reported 87 year female [CA hard palate]. The table 3rd shows sex wise distribution of head and neck malignancy.in our study 84% was male and in 16% was female case reported. The table 4th shows site wise distribution of cases. In our study buccal mucosa is the commonest site that was 38%, than second commonest site was tongue 28.65% .than larynx 8 %, than CA neck 3.33% than CA tonsils, CA thyroid, was 2.6% than alveolus, lip, soft palate 2% than CA floor of mouth, retromolar trigone, hard palate, valleculla, parotid gland, maxilla was 1.33% Than nasopharynx, sub mandibular gland, BCC, nasal cavity was reported 0.6%.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

150 cases of head and neck malignancy out of 615 whole body malignancy was identified in our study. The main point of interest are summarized as follow.

  1. The most of the cases were found in middle age group 30-60 year of age in head and neck malignancy.
  2. The male to female ratio being about 5.24:1 in head neck malignancy in our study.
  3. The most cases of head and neck malignancy was tobacco chewer, smokers, sniffers and alcoholics.
  4. The commonest sites of head and neck malignancy were buccal mucosa[38%] and tongue[28.6%] in our study.
  5. Treatment result defends on time of diagnosis[stage], compliance and alertness of patient, age of patients. quality of surgery, chemoradiation and regular follow up.

 

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