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Table of Content - Volume 15 Issue 1 - July 2020

 

Study of colposcopic evaluation of unhealthy cervix in rural population of Maharashtra

 

Gajanan R Daivi1*, Sachin Rawal2

 

1Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SSPM Medical College Ap Padave Taluk-Kasal Dist-Sindudarga- Maharashtra, INDIA.

Email: gajudaiv55@gmail.com

 

Abstract              Background: Pap smear test is the primary screening to rule out cervical intra epithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cancer of uterine cervix but the accuracy of pasmear test varies from 75 to 90 hence colposcopy is better substitute to evaluate various pathogenesis of unhealthy cervix. Method: 150 patients having unhealthy cervix underwent coposcopic evaluation and finding were noted. Every patient underwent both acetic acid and schillrs test before they were subjected to colposcopic directed biopsies. The biopsies were taken from a cetowhite areas test before they were subjected to colposcopic directed biopsies. The biopsies were taken from a ctowhile areas and the iodine negative areas. Results: The clinical manifestations of patients were 82(54.6%) had white discharges per vagina, 29(19.3%) Irregular menses, 21(14%), lower back pain 7(4.66%) had post menopausal bleeding, 11(7.33%) post-coital bleeding. The colposcopic findings were 52(34.6%) had Aceto white areas, 48 (32%) had punctuations, 20(13.3%) had mosaic pattern, 8(5.33%) had abnormal vasculature 22(14.6%) had normal cervix. The age groups from 23 to 68 were studied and 85(56.6%) had cervicitis 27(18%) had mild, 19(12.6%) had moderate and 10 (6.6%) had CIN dysplasia and 9(6%) had CIN. Analysis colpolscopic result was- colposcopic positive had- 41 (27.3%) Biopsy positive 52 (34.6%) biopsy negative, colposcopic Negative had 9(6%) had biopsy positive 48(32%) had Biopsy Negative Conclusion: Colposcopy evaluation plays vital role to rule out abnormal cervical smeares because of its less sensitivity and false negative cytogens. In addition to papsmear test colposcopy evaluation will be useful for final diagnose.

Key Words: CIN, Papsmear, colposcpy, HPV, Biopsy

 

INTRODUCTION

Every year about 12 to 13 lakh women are being diagnosed as cervical cancer and 6 to 7 lakh mortality due to cervical cancer in India, aged between 20 to 45 years of age1. When the symptoms such as post coital bleeding troublesome vaginal discharge irregular menses lower abdominal pain or pelvin inflammatory diseases, the patients of rural area don’t consider it as serious prognosis. This unhealthy cervix may lead to morbidity cervix may lead to morbidity and mortality. Cervical erosion or ectropion is a condition in which endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes out through external of the cervix and into vaginal portion of cervix undergoes squamous meta plasia and transforms to stratified squamous epithelium2. Although papanicolau (pap) smear has remained important tool in the screaming of cerical cancer 3,4. Ideally all patients having the clinical anistations of unhealthy cervix must be evaluated with colonoscopy examination as differential diagnose5. Or confirmation cervical cancer.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS

150 adult female aged between 23-68 regularly visiting to OPD of OBG and gynaecology Department of SSPM Medical College hospital At post-padave, kasal (Taluk) Sindudarga (Maharashtra) having unhealthy cervix were studied.

Inclusion criteria: Patients have white discharge per vagina irregular menses, lower abdomen pain low back ache, post- menopausal bleeding post-coital bleeding.

Exclusion criteria: pregnant puperal postorbital, bleeding PV at the time of examination cercaleisions Irrmuno compromised patients

Methods: Every patient was subjected to colonoscopic evaluation and findings were noted. All the patients under went both acetic acid and schillers test before they were subjected to colopscopic directed biopsises. The biopsies were taken from acetowhite areas and the iodine negative areas. The duration of study was October 2018 to January 2020

Statistical analysis: The various finding age groups clinical manifestation were classified with percentage. The statistical analysis was done in 2007 SPSS software.

This research paper was approved by Ethical Committee of SSPM Medical College AP Padave Taluk-Kasal Dist-Sindudarga- Maharashtra

 

OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

Table 1: Clinical manifestations of patients underwent colposcopy evaluation

Sl.No

Clinical Manifestations

No of Patients

%

1

White discharge per vagina

82

54.6

2

Irregular Menses

29

19.3

3

Lower abdominal (lower backache) pain

21

14

4

Post-menopausal bleeding

07

4.66

5

Post-coital bleeding

11

7.33

Table-1: Clinical Manifestation of the patients underwent coloposcopy examination 82(54.6%) had white discharges per vagina, 29(19.3%) Irregular menses, 21(14%), lower back pain 7(4.66%) had post menopausal bleeding, 11(7.33%) post-coital bleeding.

 

Table 2: Study of Colposcopy findings

Sl.No

Particulars

No of Patients

%

1

Aceto white area

52

34.6

2

Punctuations

48

32

3

Mosaic pattern

20

13.3

4

Abnormal vasculature

08

5.33

5

Normal cervix

22

14.6

Table-2- Study colposcopic findings 52(34.6%) had Aceto white areas, 48 (32%) had punctuations, 20(13.3%) had mosaic pattern, 8(5.33%) had abnormal vasculature 22(14.6%) had normal cervix (No abnormal finding)

 

Table 3: Study of Colposcopy at different age

Age

group

Cervicitis

Mild

dysplasia

Moderate

dysplasia

Severe

dysplasia

CIN

23-33

42

8

2

2

1

34-44

25

15

7

4

4

45-55

13

2

4

2

2

56-68

05

2

6

2

2

Total with

percentage

85(56.6%)

27(18%)

19(12.6%)

10(6.6%)

9(6%)

Table-3-Study of colposcopic at different age groups. In 23 to 33 age 42 had cericitis 15 had mild, 7 had moderate 4 had severe dysplasia and 4 had CIN. In 45-55 age group – 13 had cervicitis, 2 had mild 4 had moderate 2 had severe dysplasia and 2 had CIN. In 56-68 age group- 5 had cervicitis 2 had mild 6 had moderate 2 had severe 2 had CIN. In total study- 85 (56.6%) had carvcitis, 27(18%) had mild, 19(12.6%) had moderate and 10 (6.6%) had CIN dysplasia and 9(6%) had CIN

 

Table 4: Analysis colposcopic results

Sl.No

Particular

Biopsy

positive

Biopsy

positive

Total

1

Colposcopy

positive

41(27.3%)

52(34.6%)

93(62%)

2

Colposcopy

negative

9(6%)

48(32%)

57(38%)

3

Total

50(33.3%)

100(66.6%)

150(100%)

Table-4- Analysis of colposcopic results- In coposcopic positive had biosy positive 52(34.6%) had Biopsy test was negative. In colposcopy Negative test 9(6%) were positive, 48(32%) had negative biopsy results

 

DISCUSSION

In the present study of colposcopic evaluation of unhealthy cervix rural population of Mharashtra. The clinical manifestations were 82(54.6%) had white discharges per vagina, 29(19.3%) Irregular menses, 21(14%), lower back pain 7(4.66%) had post menopausal bleeding, 11(7.33%) post-coital bleeding (Table-1). Study colposcopic findings 52(34.6%) had Aceto white areas, 48 (32%) had punctuations, 20(13.3%) had mosaic pattern, 8(5.33%) had abnormal vasculature 22(14.6%) had normal cervix (No abnormal finding)(Table-2). In 23 to 33 age 42 had cericitis 15 had mild, 7 had moderate 4 had severe dysplasia and 4 had CIN In 45-55 age group – 13 had cervicitis, 2 had mild 4 had moderate 2 had severe dysplasia and 2 had CIN. In 56-68 age group- 5 had cervicitis 2 had mild 6 had moderate 2 had severe 2 had CIN. In total study- 85 (56.6%) had carvcitis, 27(18%) had mild, 19(12.6%) had moderate and 10 (6.6%) had CIN dysplasia and 9(6%) had CIN (Table-3). Analysis of colposcopic results- In coposcopic positive had biosy positive 52(34.6%) had Biopsy test was negative.In colposcopy Negative test 9(6%) were positive, 48(32%) had negative biopsy results (Table-4). These findings were more or less in agreement with in previous studies6,7,8. In the present study coloscopic evalution is considered outhetic than pop smear study but the value as screening tools effects cytological kscreening in kour country has long been disputed and constanty under trail9. Which results in to higher number of morbidity and mortality in India than abroad. Hence it was visual inspection and colposcopy should be used when screening for early stage lesions10. But In underdeveloped countries including India, effective popsmear screaning is not still successful and Human papilloma virus (HPV) testing is very costly hence colpscopy evolution plays vital role to diagnose unhealthy cervix including cervical Intra- epithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

 

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The present colposcopic evaluation of unhealthy cervix will quite helpful to obstrecian and differentiate the various diseases of cervix. Moreover, HPV test is costlier than colposcopic test hence very Indian women can afford the colposcopic examination, But this demands further genetic, hormonal nutritional embryological immunological study because exact pathogenesis of un healthy cervix is still unclear.

 

REFERENCES

  1. Who/ICo. Information centre on HPV and cervical cancer, Indian human kpopulation virus and krelated cancer 2016 http;// www.HPV centre.net/ statistical reports/ JND- FS PDF a cessed on 14-2-2020
  2. Kartz- comprehensive Gynecology 5th edition mosbys guide to physician examination 7th edition 2012, 558-60
  3. Ugboma HAA, Aburoma HLS popsmear an important screaning technique for preventing and detecting cervical cancer cont J Med Res.2010.4,13-7
  4. Shafi MI- Pre malignant and malignants lesions of the cervix, 7th edition oxford UK, Black well publishing 2007 392-98
  5. Souter P –A practicale guide to colposcopy oxford university press 1933
  6. Dasari P- grossly abnormal cervix evidence for using colposcopy in the absence of squmouse intra epithelial lesion by conventional paparicoause test J. Gynecologic surgery 2011,27(1), 39-43
  7. Singh SL, Dastur NA- A comparison of colposcopy and papanicolou smear, sensitivity speacity and predictive value, Bombay hospital Journal 2000,42(3) 84-92
  8. Pimple SA, Amin G- Evalution of coloscopy YS cytology as Secondary test in triage women was found to be positive on visual inspection tests IND. J. cancer 2010, 47(3), 308-13
  9. Parham GP, Andrrews NR- comparison of immediate and deferred colposcopy in cervical screening programe obste Gynocol 2000, 95 340-4
  10. Sufang WU Li merg, shixulan wang –Acomparision of four screening methods for cervical neoplasia Int J. Gyanae obset 2005, 91, 189-93


 


 

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