Study of cardiac involvement in 100 patients of interstitial lung disease

 

Prashant P Udgire¹, Abhinav Chhabra^2*

 

¹Associate Professor, ²Senior Resident, Department of Cardiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, INDIA.

 

Abstract              Background: The lungs and the heart are the two vital organs in our body which are so inter-related to each other that when the one organ is having some chronic irreversible disease other also invariably gets secondarily involved. Objective: To study cardiac involvement in interstitial lung disease. Methodology: All confirmed cases of Interstitial lung disease by HRCT and on clinical history, were further evaluated by ECG and 2D ECHO to see for cardiac involvement. Results: 100 Patients of HRCT proven ILD underwent cardiac evaluation by ECG and 2D ECHO to see for any cardiac involvement:1 )Males were 56 (56%) and females were 44 (44%) M:F = 1.27:1.2) Majority of patients 52 (52%) were in elderly age group of 61 to 80, followed by 40(40%) cases in 41 to 60 years. Only 8 (8%) patients were in younger age group of 21 to 40.3) Amongst 100 cases , cough was the commonest symptom present in all the cases(100%) followed by breathlessness seen in 96 (96%) cases, chest pain in 28(28%), fever in 12 (12%), hemoptysis in 4 (4%) and swelling over feet in 36 (36%).4) 42 (42%) were smokers and 58 (58%) were non-smokers. All smokers were male.5)46 (46%) had clubbing and 52 (52%) did not have clubbing. Of the cases who had clubbing 16 had Grade II clubbing and 30 had Grade III clubbing.6) 96 (96%) were having restrictive lung disease on Spirometry of which 42 had mild, 32 had moderate and 22 had severe restriction. Mixed pattern was seen in 44 (44%) and 4 cases had normal spirometry.7) Chest X-ray showed reticular shadow in 50 (50%), reticulonodular shadows in 32 (32%), nodular pattern in 32 (12%), consolidation in 6 (6%), cystic shadows in 16 (16%). Conclusions: In this study, cardiac involvement in patients of ILD was found to be common (66%). As the duration of symptoms increase cardiac involvement in patients of ILD increases and there is no significant change in gender differences found. In this study all the patients having duration of symptom more than 5 years had cardiac involvement.

Key Word: Interstitial lung disease(ILD) , Spirometry , HRCT , ECG , 2DEcho