Home About Us Contact Us

 

Table of Content - Volume 20 Issue 3 - December 2021


 

Study of cerebrovascular accidents in relation to clinical profile and risk factors with special reference to CT brain for aetiopathological diagnosis

 

Kapil Sheshrao More1, Meghana Rao C2*

 

1Associate Professor, 2IIIrd Year Junior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Dr Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Vishnupuri, Nanded, INDIA.

Email: meghana1129@gmail.com

 

Abstract              Background: Cerebrovascular accident or stroke is one among the three leading causes of death, surpassed only by ischemic heart disease and malignancy. Stroke is also a common cause of physical disability, which imposes a substantial burden to the community in the foreseeable future. Present study was aimed to evaluate patients with cerebrovascular accident in relation to clinical profile and risk factors with special reference to CT scan finding of brain for aetiopathological diagnosis. Material and Methods: Present stud y was a hospital based retrospective observational study which was conducted in patients of Age more than 12 years, either sex with cerebrovascular accident with symptoms and signs suggestive of acute loss of focal or global cerebral function and evidence of ischaemia or haemorrhage on CT scan. Results: The maximum incidence of stroke in this study was observed in the age group above 60 yrs i.e. 25.27% each for 61-70 and >70 years of age, followed by 51-60 years (17.58%). Though stroke in the young (<40yrs age) is comparatively less common, it is not to be ignored. Male to female ratio in this study was 1.68:1. Males constituted 62.64% of stroke patients. Systemic Hypertension was the commonest predisposing factor in this study (57.14%), followed by smoking (45.05%), alcohol consumption (32.97%), Diabetes Mellitus (26.37%), and heart disease (20.88%). Hemiparesis was the commonest presentation in this study, present in 90.11% of patients. Conclusion:  Stroke was most commonly seen in patients above 60yrs of age with a male preponderance. Though stroke in the young (<40yrs age) is comparatively less common, it is not to be ignored. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, cardiac diseases and dyslipidemia are the key risk factors associated with stroke, emphasizing that aggressive risk factor management is an epitome in the prevention of stroke. Hemiparesis is the commonest presentation of stroke followed by cranial nerve palsies. CT Scan showed that ischeamic stroke are more common than haemorrhagic stroke. Ischeamic stroke mostly involve subcortical and cortical areas followed by brainstem or cerebellum. Haemorrhagic stroke is most commonly seen in putamen, but it can as well be seen in thalamus, pons, cerebellum or subarachnoid space.

Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Smoking, Alcohol consumption, cardiac disease, stroke, CT scan.