Spectrum of diabetic nephropathy in type II DM

 

 

REFERENCES

1. American Diabetes Association: Nephropathy in diabetes (Position Statement). Diabetes Care 27 (Suppl.1):S79–S83, 2004.
2. Forsblom CM, Groop PH, Ekstrand A, Totterman KJ, Sane T, Saloranta C, Groop L: Predictors of progression from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 21:1932–1938, 1998.
3. Murussi M, Baglio P, Gross JL, Silveiro SP: Risk factors for microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients: a 9-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care 25:1101–1103, 2002.
4. The Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group: Predictors of the development of microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a seven-year prospective study. Diabet Med 16:918–925, 1999.
5. Gall MA, Hougaard P, Borch-Johnsen K, Parving HH: Risk factors for development of incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: prospective, observational study. BMJ 314:783–788, 1997.
6. Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G: Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients: the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 342:145–153, 2000
7. Gerstein H, Mann J, Yi Q, Zinman B, Dinneen S, Hoogwerf B, Halle J, Young J, Rashkow A, Joyce C, Nawaz S, Yusuf S: Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA 286:421–426, 2001
8. Vasan R, Larson M, Leip E, Evans J, O’Donnell C, Kannel W, Levy D: Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 345:1291–1297, 2001.
9. Mohan EA, Monagham B. Nephropathy in newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes cone. 1994;17:1545-6.
10. Adler AI, Stevens RJ, Manley SE, Bilous RW, Cull CA, Holman RR. Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 Diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64). Kidney Int. 2003;63:225-32.
11. Ghai R, Verma ND, Goel A, Bhatnagar MK, Kapoor P, Vashishta A. Microalbuminuria in non-insulin dependent Diabetes and essential hypertension: A marker of severe disease. J Assoc Physicians India. 1994;42:771-4.
12. Chowta NK, Pant P, Chowta MN. Microalbuminuria in Diabetes mellitus: Association with age, sex, weight, and creatinine clearance. Indian J Nephrol. 2009;19:53-6.
13. Agarwal N, Sengar NS, Jain PK. Nephropathy in newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetics with special stress on the role of Hypertension. JAPI. 2011;59:145-7.