Comparison of case-based learning with didactic learning in the clinical teaching of orthopaedics

 

 

Abstract              Background: Case based learning promotes better learning in clinical orthopaedics. So, the current study was done to compare the case-based learning (CBL) with lecture-based learning (LBL) in orthopaedics for final mbbs part II students and investigate the student perceptions of CBL as a teaching learning method. Methodology: This study was conducted among eight semester final medical part 2 students between June 2020 and July 2020. Total 100 students from 8th semester final MBBS part II participated in the study. Two groups comprising of 50 students each were exposed to Didactic lecture and CBL respectively. Post test in the form of multiple choice questions was conducted to both groups after the completion of the sessions. using a five-point Likert scale, Perceptions of students in the CBL group about CBL was assessed. Results: the mean Post-test scores conducted for CBL groups and didactic lecture group showed that cbl group has scored significant improvement (p< 0.01). Most students in the CBL class agreed that CBL performed better in developing interest, improving their understanding of the subject materials, promoting learning motivation, enhancing the communication skill, clinical thinking method, in developing confidence at bedside. Conclusion: Result from Post-test and the positive perceptions of students indicate that CBL was an effective teaching learning method in orthopaedics. It helps the students to apply knowledge in solving the clinical cases.

Keywords: case based learning (cbl), didactic learning, perception

 

INTRODUCTION

teaching is observed traditionally as a transformation of information from teacher to student.¹ Key purpose of teaching was to produce a student who holds knowledge that is reproduced later in examination. Importance was given to content knowledge of the subject and ignoring many other important characteristics.² Case based learning is directed to attain the objectives which are beyond just disseminate the information in the minds of students. Case based learning reversed the orthodox approach to education swapping teaching with learning.³ cbl not only transfer the knowledge to students but also develops habits of working in groups, good communication skills, critical thinking, and decision making.⁴ CBL which is closely related to PBL is an interactive, student-centered, instructor-led learning approach^.5 CBL promotes active learning by utilizing clinical case scenarios which reflect real life experiences that students will face during the clinical phase of their medical education.⁶ Learning does not end with basic training in the health profession, but continues for life. By developing self-directed learning skills, case based learning facilitates the production of lifelong learners⁷ Cases are generally reported as problems which provide students with the history, physical findings, and laboratory results of a patient. the present study was conducted to compare case based learning with the didactic learning in teaching orthopaedics and also the student’s perception about the case based learning was assessed.

 

METHODOLOGY

A cross sectional Interventional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, SVS medical college, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India for the period of two months from June 2020 to July 2020. 100 students of final year M.B.B.S part II were enrolled into the study after obtaining Informed consent. Inclusion criteria: 8^th semester Students of Final year M.B.B.S Part -II. Exclusion criteria Students who were not interested to participate and who were absent in any one of the classes. Institutional Ethical Committee permission was taken to conduct the study. By lottery method Students were divided into group A and group B with 50 students each. Group A was given case based learning (CBL) and Group B was given power point aided didactic lectures(DL). Both groups were given three sessions of Case based learning (CBL) and Didactic lectures (DL) on orthopaedics topics at two different venues simultaneously. The duration of each session was one hour. The topics taken during three classes were malnutrition of fractures, congenital club feet and osteomyelitis.

After the session, examination was conducted to both groups in the form of multiple choice questions for 30 marks. at the end of intervention, to assess the student’s perception, a questionnaire with seven questions was given to group a students based on a five point Likert scale

Statistical analysis The data was analysed using SPSS 16. Continuous variables were expressed as mean±SD. Categorical variables were expressed as count and percentage. Unpaired t test was done for continuous variables and chi-square test was done for categorical variables. p value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

 

 

 

 

 

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