Correlation of BMI, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and lipid profile in hypertensive males

Kirti Shinde^1*, Sangita R Phatale²

¹Asssistant Professor, ²Professor, Department of Physiology, MGM’s College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, INDIA

Email: dr.kirtisarkate@gmail.com

Abstract            Background: Hypertension as defined by Joint National Comittee¹ is an important public health problem worldwide and is the most widely recognized modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is however controversy regarding which anthropometric indicator best defines obesity and conveys the highest risk of hypertension. Material and Methods: The present case –control study was carried out in 60 males subjects, 30 hypertensive males and 30 normotensive males. In the study BP measurements were done by sphygmomanometer. All anthropometric measurements were taken. Body mass index was calculated by weight in kg’s divided by height in cms and waist hip ratio was calculated as waist circumference divided by hip circumference Results: Our study shows that blood pressure was significantly increased in hypertensive males compared to normotensive males. The result shows that BMI was significantly increased in hypertensives. It was observed that hypertensive overweight and obese subjects had significant lower HDL-C level and higher LDL-C, TG to associate with SBP in males. Conclusion: Increase in body weight and waist circumference are most important factors affecting blood pressure. This study suggest that earlier prevention of excessive weight gain, lifestyle modification is needed to reduce hypertension.

Keywords: BMI, BP, waist hip ratio, lipid profile.

INTRODUCTION

Hypertension as defined by Joint National Comittee¹ is an important public health problem worldwide and is the most widely recognized modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is positively associated with cluster of risk factors characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Indeed it is recommended that management of arterial hypertension should focus both on lowering Blood pressure and correcting lipid disorders². The performance of different anthropometric measurements and indices in predicting obesity related outcomes has been addressed in several reports^3,4. There is however controversy regarding which anthropometric indicator best defines obesity and conveys the highest risk of hypertension⁵. Cross sectional and prospective epidemiological studies have shown that blood pressure and, worse still, hypertension increases significantly with higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)^1,4. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine and evaluate the overweight /obesity and hyperlipidemia status in a group of hypertensive adults.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The present case –control study was carried out in 60 males subjects, 30 hypertensive males and 30 normotensive males. The subject were selected from general population of town area. Maximum males belong to middle socioeconomic class. The subjects were between the age of 40-60 years. Healthy normal males non suffering from any disease were included and males with any cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, diabetes and any other illness or complications were excluded. Inform consent of patients was taken from subjects, procedure was explained before taking the readings. The lipid profile included total cholesterol (TC),High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG),was done by taking early morning venous blood samples was for biochemical screening tests. In the study BP measurements were performed by sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined on the basis of joint national committee ¹ cut-off point of 140mmHg and above for systolic blood pressure and 90mmHg and above for diastolic blood pressure. All anthropometric measurements were taken. A weigh machine was used for measuring weight and height was measured with a wall mounted stadiometer. Body mass index was calculated by weight in kg’s divided by height in cms. Waist circumference was measured above the iliac crest and below the lowest rib margin at minimum respiration. Hip circumference was measured at the widest part of the hip at the level of greater trochanter to the nearest half centimeter and waist hip ratio was calculated as waist circumference divided by hip circumference⁶.

Statistical Analysis

The collected data was compiled in EXCEL sheet and Master sheet was prepared. For analysis of this data SPSS (Statistical Software for social Sciences) software version 20th was used. Data was presented by visual impression like Bar-Diagram, Pie-diagram etc. qualitative was represented in form values and percentage. For comparison of Quantitative variables of two groups unpaired t-test was used and It was also represented in form of mean and SD etc.