REFERENCES

1. Colles A: on the fracture of carpal extremity of the radius; Edin. Med. Surg. Journal, 10:181, 1814.
2. Bohler: the treatment of fractures; 3^rd edition, Grune and strattom, New York, 90-6, 1932.
3. Hudson O.G. and Rusnnack T.J. : comminuted fracture of distal end of radius, Am. J. of surgery 1964
4. Hammond, George:Comminutedcolles’ fracture, Am. J. of surg., 78, 617-624, 1949.
5. Rush L.V. and Rush H.L.: Evaluation and medullary fixation of fracture by longitudinal pins;Am. J. surgery, 78: 324, 1949.
6. Cassebaum W.H.: colles’ fracture, A study of end results; JAMA, 143:963, 1950.
7. De palma A.F.: comminuted fracture of the distal end of radius treated by ulnar pinning; JBJS. 34-A, 651-62, 1952.
8. Sarmiento A: colles’ fractuere : functional bracing in supination: JBJS, 67-A, No 1 to 4, 1975.
9. Forgon M., Mammel E.: the external fixator in the management of unstable colles’ fracture; int. orthop. (SICOT), 5, 9-14, 1981.
10. Pogue DJ, Vegas SF, Patterson RM, Peterson PD, Jenkins DK, Sweo TD, et al. Effects of distal radius malunion on wrist joint mechanics. J Hand Surg Am. 1990; 15:721–7.
11. Solomon L, Warwick D, Nayagam S. 9th ed. Florida: CRC press; 2001. Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures; pp. 615–8.
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13. Koval KJ, Zuckerman JD, Kenneth E. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott williams and Wilkins; Handbook of Fractures; pp. 133–8.
14. Golden G.N.: Treatment and prognosis of colles’ fracture; the lancet, 9^th March 1963.
15. Mason M.L.: A colles’ fracture, a survey of end results; Br. J. or surg., 40:340, 1953.
16. Lidstrom: fractures of the distal end of radius: A clinical and statistical study of the end results; acta. Orthop. Scand, suppl. 41, 1959 and suppl, 223, vol. 58, 1987.
17. Frykman G.: fracture of the distal radius including sequlae shoulder –hand –finger syndrome. Disturb ance in the distal radio-ulnar joint and impairment of nerve function: A clinical and experimental study: Acta. Orthop. Scand, suppl. 108, 1967.
18. Cassebaum W.H.: colles’ fracture, A study of end results; JAMA, 143:963, 1950.